Betula nigra
river birch

Notes:

Resistant to bronze birch borer and leaf miner. Drought and salt tolerance are debated, as are branch strength and deer resistance.

Pyramidal in youth, rounded with age. Pruning cuts bleed except in summer; poor compartmentalizer of decay. Casts light shade. Fall color not as showy as other birches.

'Cully' (Heritage) is more vigorous than the species, more disease resistant, and the cultivar I see mentioned most, often to the exclusion of the species. It and 'Little King' (Fox Valley), a dense dwarf cultivar, are both PHS Gold Medal Award winners; note that 'Little King' has been observed to be much less dwarfed outside its original Chicago area. 'Whit XXV' (City Slicker) is the most drought tolerant. 'BNMTF' (Dura-Heat) is also quite heat-resistant, with a finer texture and less prone to early defoliation. 'Dickinson' (Northern Tribute) is well adapted to cold (USDA zone 3), drought, and alkaline soils. 'Shiloh Splash' is a variegated dwarf with white leaf margins, but reversion shoots are common. 'Studetec' (Tecumseh Compact) is a spreading semi-dwarf.

Sources: White Oak, Sunset, NCSU, Dove/Woolridge, UFL, JerseyYards.org, UConn, Dirr & Warren, Cal Poly.

Buy it at PlantingTree.com (affiliate link; supports this website)

Tags:

acidic soil preferred
alkaline soil intolerant
attracts:birds (ex-humming)
attracts:larval host
clay tolerant
compacted soil tolerant
dense canopy
exposure:full sun
exposure:part shade
fast-growing
fire risk low
form:multi-trunked
form:trainable to single trunk
form:tree
full sun preferred
habit:conical/pyramidal
habit:oval
habit:rounded
large wounds sensitive
litter:minimal
litter:twigs/branches
native:eastern North America
persistence:deciduous
PHS Gold Medal Award
pollution tolerant
pruning not required
rich soil preferred
roots:low damage potential
roots:wide-spreading
sandy soil tolerant
showy bark
type:broadleaf
use:deck/patio
use:hedge
use:screen
use:shade tree
use:specimen
use:street
water:ample
water:regular
wet soil tolerant
wind tolerant
WON high-value plant


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