Tsuga canadensis
eastern hemlock

Notes:

Best in cool, humid summers sheltered from hot sun and wind. Tendency to codominant leaders. Additional water needed if in sun.

NCSU and Stoecklein assert fast growth, and Cal Poly leans in that direction, but UFL, the USDA, and JerseyYards.org say just the opposite. There seems to be no geographic pattern among these opinions, so it's hard to know whom to believe here. OSU and UFL both note its picky nature, outnumbering Missouri BG who calls it easy to grow.

OSU suggests Chamaecyparis lawsoniana and Cupressus nootkatensis as alternatives due to alleged full shade tolerance, which would certainly be news to me; the only other mention I can find of either of those species tolerating full shade is UFL claiming it for Cupressus nootkatensis.

Deer tolerance is also debated.

Regarding the "pest/disease sensitive" tag: as of 2021, it is impossible to discuss using this tree without mentioning the hemlock woolly adelgid. Be prepared to spray.

Sources: White Oak, Sunset, NCSU, Cal Poly, Rutgers, UFL, OSU, JerseyYards.org, AHS, Missouri BG, USDA.

Buy it at PlantingTree.com (affiliate link; supports this website)

Tags:

acidic soil preferred
attracts:birds (ex-humming)
attracts:mammals
branches strong
compacted soil intolerant
dense canopy
difficult to grow
drought intolerant
dry shade tolerant
exposure:full shade
exposure:full sun
exposure:part shade
fine texture
fire risk high
form:tree
habit:conical/pyramidal
long-lived
native:eastern North America
part shade preferred
persistence:evergreen
pest/disease sensitive
pollution sensitive
pruning not required
rich soil required
root competition intolerant
roots:low damage potential
roots:shallow
salt intolerant
sandy soil tolerant
tea from foliage
type:conifer
use:bonsai
use:hedge
use:naturalizing
use:screen
use:shade tree
use:specimen
water:regular
well-drained soil required
wind sensitive
WON high-value plant


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