Celtis laevigata
sugarberry
Notes:
Twiggy but resistant to witches'-broom, unlike C. occidentalis. Nipple gall does not affect health, just appearance. Compartmentalizes decay poorly, but long-lived as long as trunk injury is avoided.
Rooting habit is debated: Sunset says amazing tolerance of planting strips without heaving pavement, but UFL says surface roots likely. Odenwald/Turner report highly competitive shallow roots that prevent underplanting; USDA reports allelopathy (which would also complicate underplanting).
Watering and fertilizing may speed growth. Sand tolerance is asserted by Dove/Woolridge, NCSU, and Cal Poly, soundly outnumbering USDA.
Cultivar 'All Seasons' is hardier and has a "well-balanced growth habit" (Dove/Woolridge).
Sources: Dove/Woolridge, Sunset, UFL, NCSU, UConn, Odenwald/Turner, USDA.
Tags:
acidic soil preferred
attracts:bees
attracts:birds (ex-humming)
attracts:butterflies
attracts:hummingbirds
attracts:larval host
attracts:mammals
bark injury sensitive
branches break
clay tolerant
compacted soil tolerant
deer resistant
drought tolerant
easy to grow
edible fruit
exposure:full sun
exposure:part shade
fast-growing
fire risk low
form:tree
habit:columnar
habit:irregular
habit:rounded
habit:spreading/wide
habit:vase
infertile soil tolerant
large wounds sensitive
litter:fruit
long-lived
native:eastern North America
open canopy
persistence:deciduous
pollution tolerant
pruning required
rich soil preferred
roots:shallow
salt tolerant
sandy soil tolerant
showy bark
type:broadleaf
use:bonsai
use:shade tree
use:specimen
use:street
water:moderate to little
weedy
wet soil tolerant
wind tolerant
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