Carpinus caroliniana
American hornbeam, musclewood, blue beech

Notes:

Full sun gives best autumn color and densest form. Root pruning aids transplanting. Great tree for climbing if lower branches are retained.

Rick Darke writes in The American Woodland Garden that this tree grows natively in moist woods and alluvial soils (as opposed to the related and similarly-nicknamed Ostrya virginiana, which is usually found in dry woods and rocky sites).

USDA and JerseyYards.org disclaim clay tolerance, but they are outnumbered by White Oak, NCSU, and Missouri BG.

'JN Select A' (Fire King) has superior cold hardiness, a broad-oval-to-rounded form, and fast(er) growth (20'x20' in 20 years). 'J.N. Upright' (Firespire) has good cold hardiness, upright form (duh), and the slowest growth (15' in 25 years); fall color is reliable only in the North. 'JFS-KW6' (Native Flame) is upright oval, is moderately fast growing, and drops leaves cleanly (not marcescent). 'CCSQU' (Palisade) is among the narrowest, is probably more heat tolerant, and lacks strong fall color. 'Uxbridge' (Rising Fire) has good cold hardiness, a narrow upright form, and perhaps the best fall color of the bunch.

Sources: White Oak, Sunset, Stoecklein, NCSU, Dove/Woolridge, Dirr, Dirr & Warren, UFL, JerseyYards.org, Odenwald/Turner, Missouri BG.

Tags:

acidic soil preferred
alkaline soil intolerant
attracts:birds (ex-humming)
attracts:butterflies
attracts:larval host
attracts:mammals
bark injury sensitive
branches strong
clay tolerant
compacted soil intolerant
deer resistant
easy to grow
exposure:full shade
exposure:full sun
exposure:part shade
fall color notable
fine texture
fire risk low
form:multi-trunked
form:trainable to single trunk
form:tree
habit:irregular
habit:oval
habit:rounded
habit:spreading/wide
habit:upright
large wounds sensitive
litter:minimal
native:eastern North America
part shade preferred
persistence:deciduous
PHS Gold Medal Award
pruning not required
rich soil preferred
root disturbance intolerant
roots:low damage potential
roots:wide-spreading
salt intolerant
showy bark
slow-growing
type:broadleaf
use:bonsai
use:deck/patio
use:hedge
use:naturalizing
use:screen
use:shade tree
use:specimen
use:street
water:regular
wet soil tolerant
wind tolerant
WON high-value plant


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